some of the presentations

• magnetic tape presentation: plastic tape was used more than metal because of its flexibility. tape is linear. in 1930 megnnetaphone was invented and it was presented in 1935. stancill hoffman created the first tape magnetic recorder the problem with tape is that it was very destroyable. the tape player had 3 heads: erase, record and play back. the effects it had were tape echo, tape delay, reverberation and tape loops. the tape speed and the pitch are linked to duration.the higher the speed the higher the quality with more footage. the standard speed for a tape player is 7.5, 15 and 30 ips. when angled lines are shown on the tape they are better than straight lines. digital media took over tape because of its free editing. and tape is still around because some people just prefer the quality of it.
• equipment available by studio: rtf (1943-47) it had 4 turntables 4 channel mixer. microphones audio filters, revereration chamber, portable recording unit, sound FX from RTF's library and a disc cutting lathe. stockhausen used audio oscillators, variable speed tape recorders, ring modulators, four-track tape recorders, audio filters, and white noise generator. GRM 1951 used mainly for electronic music. contained. 3 track tape recorder, 10 head tape machine for play back of loops and echo FX, keyboard operated tape machine with 24preset speeds, changed by keys, variable speed tape machines, play back controller that distributes sound to 4 loudspeakers. the barron studio used tape recorders, home made loudspeaker, home made oscillators which produced sine, square and sawtooth waves, filter, spring reverberator and sound FX
• piezo pickup: pierre and jacques curie discover piezoelectrical phenomenon using crystals in 1880. applied mechanical stress on crystals. development, 20 classes of natural cyrstals which allow for piezo electricity effects to occur. despite the discovery of piezo electrical phenomenon, the growing popularity and simplicity of electro magnetism stopped further development. 1920-1940 with newer developments in piezo technology scientist were able to measure explosives and internal combustion engines, along with a host of other previously unmeasurable vibrations, accelerations and impacts. world war2 the improved capacitors made piezo electrics viable again. the improvement of capacitors lead to small, sensitive microphones. becoming the rule rather than the exception. japan vs america (1965-1980). american approach: secretive due to possible commercial gains hard to formulate, but once formulated it is easy to reproduce. japanese: very open about their research, institutions competed cooperatively with one another in the ultimate goal of discovering new knowledge.1890 to the present day. do to successful commercial success in japan in regard to improvements and inventions involving piezo electrical devices, this sparked the whole worlds enthusiasm toward the piezo electrical phenomenon once more. benefits. it includes natural sound reproduction small size and the ability to amplify and instrument with a vibrating surface. multiple piezos are easily linked togehter to amplify larger instruments such as pianos and harps. they do not pick up other instruments that they are not in contact with. common microphones work off of changes in atmospheric pressure, causing more than one sound source being picked up. they are also used in fields including science and medicine. they can detect seismic activity, human body impulses.